{"id":707,"date":"2015-05-19T19:26:00","date_gmt":"2015-05-19T17:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/flexedu.live\/articles\/?p=707"},"modified":"2020-08-11T02:07:16","modified_gmt":"2020-08-11T00:07:16","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b7%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88-%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%89-%d8%aa%d9%86%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ba-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flexedu.live\/articles\/?p=707","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644, \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647."},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644, \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/b>\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
<\/a>\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 : \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f, \u0625\u062f \u062f\u064a, \u0648 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632<\/span><\/div>\n
\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 : \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 <\/span><\/div>\n
<\/a>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/p>\n

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<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646.\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645.<\/span><\/span> (Begley, 1997; Nash, 1997)<\/span>
 <\/span>.\u0648 \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644,\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627, \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 “\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635”<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201cwindows of opportunity\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n

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\u0648 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0649 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 , \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.
\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 , \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0641 , \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.
\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 <\/span>window of opportunity<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629, \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0647\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644.<\/span><\/span><\/span>(Chugani, 1998)<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647\u061f<\/span><\/b>

<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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\u0648 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a  <\/span>\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629.\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648. \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629:
1- \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a.\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621, \u0643\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/div>\n

2-\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629  <\/span>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 , \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632. \u0641\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a  <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629,\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627  <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649  <\/span>\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e \u0628\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632. \u0641\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644.<\/span><\/div>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632, \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/span><\/div>\n

4- \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629. \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629(<\/span>NASPE,2002<\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7       <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>(NASPE, 2002)<\/span><\/strong>

<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
\u00b7       <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631:
<\/span><\/strong>1- \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627  <\/span>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 , \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629.  <\/span>\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647.
2-\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.
3-\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629.
4- \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629, \u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.
\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629:<\/b>
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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629, \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629, \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646.

<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7       <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 “\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629”:<\/span><\/b>
1-<\/span> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627.
2- \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629, \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0647.
3- \u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644, \u0648 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 .
4-\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0642, \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.
5-<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629, \u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.
<\/span>\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629:<\/span><\/b>
\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a, \u0643\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629,\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627, \u0648 \u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0631\u0628, \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627.
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628, \u0643\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0629, \u0648 \u0646\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0644, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639, \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0629.
\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629, \u062a\u062d\u062b\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647.
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0641, \u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644 , \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.

<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00b7       <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642:
\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644, \u0648 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647, \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644. \u0641\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629, \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a, \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645,\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e  <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.
\u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a  <\/span>\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629, \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644. \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644.\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201dA Celebration of Neurons\u201d<\/span><\/em>,<\/span>\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 <\/span>Robert Sylwester (1995)<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n

<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n

Begley, S., (Spring\/Summer 1997). How to build a baby\u2019s brain. Newsweek Special Issue<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Chugani, H.T. (1998). A critical period of brain development: Studies of cerebral glucose utilization with PET. Preventive Medicine<\/span><\/em>, 27, 184-188.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Coveney, P., &Highfield, R. (1995). Frontiers of complexity: The search for order in a chaotic world<\/span><\/em>. New York: Fawcett Columbine.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Diamond, M., & Hopson, J. (1998). Magic trees of the mind: How to nurture your child\u2019s intelligence, creativity, and healthy emotions from birth through adolescence<\/span><\/em>. New York: Dutton.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Fischer, K.W., & Rose, S.P. (1998). Growth cycles of brain and mind. Educational Leadership<\/span><\/em>, 56 (3), 56-60.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Greenough, W. T., & Black, J. E. (1992). Induction of brain structure by experience: Substrates for cognitive development. In M. Gunnar & C. Nelson (Eds.), Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology. Vol. 24, Developmental Behavioral Neuroscience<\/span><\/em> (p. 155-200).<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Jones, T., &Greenough, W. T. (1996). Ultrastructural evidence for increased contact between astrocytes and synapses in rats reared in a complex environment. Neurobiology of Learning & Memory<\/span><\/em>, 65 (1), 48-56.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Kempermann, G., & Gage, F. H. (1999). New nerve cell for the adult brain. Scientific American<\/span><\/em>, May, 48-53.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Nash, M. (1997, February 3). Fertile minds. Time<\/span><\/em>, 149, 49-56.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
National Association for Sport and Physical Education. (2002). Active Start: A Statement of Physical Activity Guidelines for Children Birth to Five Years<\/span><\/em>. Reston, VA: NASPE.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Shatz, C. (1992). The developing brain. Scientific American<\/span><\/em>. September, 3-9.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
Sylwester, R. (1995). A celebration of neurons: An educator\u2019s guide to the human brain<\/span><\/em>. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a:<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a.<\/span><\/div>\n
Educational Activities, Inc.<\/span><\/div>\n
800-645-3739<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
www.edact.com<\/span><\/div>\n
Features CDs and audiocassettes from Hap Palmer, Ella Jenkins, Greg & Steve, and many other children\u2019s recording artists.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Kimbo Educational<\/span><\/div>\n
800-631-2187<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
www.kimboed.com<\/span><\/div>\n
Features movements CDs and audiocassettes such as Dance Party Fun!, A World of Parachute Play, Good Morning Exercises for Kids, and much more.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Delmar Publishers<\/span><\/div>\n
800-477-3692<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
www.earlychilded.delmar.com<\/span><\/div>\n
Moving & Learning series by Rae Pica<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Gryphon House<\/span><\/div>\n
800-638-0928<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
www.ghbooks.com<\/span><\/div>\n
Wiggle, Giggle and Shake by Rae Pica<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Stenhouse Publishers<\/span><\/div>\n
888-363-0566<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
www.stenhouse.com<\/span><\/div>\n
Shake, Rattle, and Learn by Janet Miller Grant<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644, \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 : \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f, \u0625\u062f \u062f\u064a, \u0648 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 : \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629, \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629,\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645, \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.(Diamond & Hopson, 1998; Fischer & Rose, 1998) \u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643, \u0648\u0627\u0639, \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a.\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646.\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645. (Begley, 1997; Nash, 1997) .\u0648 \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-79"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flexedu.live\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flexedu.live\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flexedu.live\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flexedu.live\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flexedu.live\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=707"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/flexedu.live\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/707\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":834,"href":"https:\/\/flexedu.live\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/707\/revisions\/834"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flexedu.live\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=707"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flexedu.live\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=707"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flexedu.live\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}